Understanding Sun Damage (Actinic Keratosis)
Actinic keratoses (AKs) are dry, scaly patches of skin caused by years of cumulative sun exposure. They are considered pre-cancerous.
What Do They Look Like?
They often feel like sandpaper. They can be pink, red, or brown, and vary in size. They most commonly appear on sun-exposed areas:
- Face and bald scalp.
- Ears.
- Back of hands and forearms.
You can often feel them before you can clearly see them.
Why Treat Them?
While the risk of a single AK turning into Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is low (around 1% per year), having many AKs increases your overall risk significantly. Treating them early prevents progression.
Treatment Options
| Treatment Type | Best For | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| Cryotherapy (Freezing) | A few isolated spots | Liquid nitrogen destroys the abnormal cells. Leaves a small blister that heals. |
| Topical Creams (e.g., 5-FU, Imiquimod) | Widespread "field" damage | Stimulates the immune system or destroys rapidly dividing cells. Causes significant temporary redness and crusting. |
| Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) | Widespread damage | A light-sensitizing cream is applied, followed by exposure to a specific light source. |